Between December 15 and 28, 1964, the Political Bureau?of the?CPC Central Committee held a national work conference. The main topic of the conference was about the?Socialist Education Movement in the rural areas.

At the conference, Mao Zedong said the movement was about the contradiction between socialism and capitalism.

On January 14, 1965, the CPC?Central Committee released the minutes of the conference and proposed an idea: the aim of the movement would be to re-educate the persons in power within the Party taking the capitalist road. After the minutes were released, the Socialist Education Movement (also known as the Four Clean-ups Movement) continued until the cultural revolution (1966-1976).